Eman Sakina

Poverty is one of the most pressing challenges faced by humanity throughout history. It deprives individuals of necessities—food, shelter, education, and dignity—and can lead to social inequality, crime, and despair. Islam envisions a society where no one goes hungry, where wealth circulates fairly, and where compassion prevails over selfishness.

In the words of the Prophet Muhammad, “The believers, in their mutual kindness, compassion, and sympathy, are just like one body. When one of the limbs suffers, the whole body responds with wakefulness and fever.” (Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)

Islam, as a comprehensive way of life, addresses the issue of poverty not merely as an economic concern but as a moral and spiritual challenge. It lays down clear principles and practical measures to eradicate poverty and to ensure justice, compassion, and equality within society. Charity, or sadqah, and the obligatory zakat are central to Islam’s economic and moral philosophy, designed to purify wealth, strengthen human bonds, and uphold social balance.

In Islam, poverty is not viewed as a divine punishment or a sign of inferiority. Rather, it is a test from Allah and a condition that demands compassion and collective responsibility from the entire community. The Qur’an recognises that disparities in wealth exist as part of divine wisdom:

“It is He who has made you successors upon the earth and has raised some of you above others in degrees [of wealth and rank] to test you in what He has given you.” (Surah Al-An‘am, 6:165)

Islam teaches that poverty should never be a cause of humiliation or despair. The Prophet Muhammad himself experienced poverty and chose a simple life despite opportunities for wealth. His example demonstrates that material wealth is not the measure of one’s worth before Allah—piety, sincerity, and good deeds are.

However, Islam does not romanticise poverty or encourage passivity. It urges believers to strive for self-reliance, productivity, and hard work. The Prophet said: “The upper hand is better than the lower hand—the upper hand is the one that gives, and the lower hand is the one that takes.” (Sahih al-Bukhari)

Thus, while poverty is to be treated with compassion, it must also be addressed through active efforts to improve one’s condition and to help others rise out of hardship.

Charity occupies a central position in Islamic teachings. It is not simply an act of generosity but a religious obligation and a means of purifying both wealth and soul. The Qur’an repeatedly emphasises the importance of giving and caring for the poor, orphans, and the needy.

“And spend from what We have provided for you before death approaches one of you and he says, ‘My Lord, if only You would delay me for a brief term so I would give charity and be among the righteous.” (Surah Al-Munafiqun, 63:10)

Measures Against Poverty

Islam’s strategy against poverty is comprehensive and multi-dimensional. It combines moral guidance, social welfare, and economic justice. Among its measures are:

Encouraging Work and Self-Reliance: Islam values labour and discourages laziness. The Prophet said, “No one ever eats better food than that which he eats from the work of his own hands.” (Sahih al-Bukhari)

Inheritance Laws: Islamic inheritance laws prevent wealth from being monopolised, ensuring fair distribution among heirs.

Prohibition of Interest (Riba): By forbidding usury, Islam protects the poor from exploitation and financial oppression.

Waqf (Endowment): Muslims are encouraged to establish charitable endowments for public welfare—such as schools, hospitals, and shelters.

Community Responsibility: The Muslim community (Ummah) is collectively responsible for caring for its weaker members.

Charity in Islam is not only a social duty but a spiritual journey that purifies the soul from arrogance and greed. It is an act of gratitude to Allah, who is the true Owner of all wealth. Giving in the way of Allah strengthens faith, deepens humility, and earns immense reward.

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The Prophet said: “Charity does not decrease wealth.” (Sahih Muslim). This profound statement teaches that true prosperity lies in generosity. Wealth shared for Allah’s sake brings spiritual satisfaction, divine blessings, and social harmony.