Eman Sakina

Islam, a comprehensive way of life offers a holistic approach to all aspects of existence, including the environment. The Islamic worldview considers the environment not as a resource to be exploited without limits, but as a sacred trust (Amanah) from Allah to humankind. The Earth and its ecosystems are divine creations that reflect the majesty, balance, and wisdom of the Creator, and human beings are entrusted with the duty of stewardship (Khilafah) to protect and preserve them.

Friday Musings

The Earth: A Sign of Allah's Creation

The Qur'an repeatedly calls attention to the natural world as a sign (ayah) of Allah’s power and wisdom. Verses throughout the Qur'an highlight the beauty and functionality of the Earth, urging reflection upon its design and urging gratitude for its blessings:

“It is He who made the Earth tame for you—so walk among its slopes and eat of His provision—and to Him is the resurrection.”(Surah Al-Mulk, 67:15)

From the mountains to the rivers, the sky to the soil, every part of the environment serves a purpose and reflects divine order. Such verses not only highlight ecological awareness but also emphasize that the Earth is not owned by anyone; it is provided by Allah for the benefit of all creation.

Human Beings as stewards (Khalifah)

The Qur'an assigns the role of Khalifah—vicegerent or steward—to human beings on Earth:

“It is He who has made you successors upon the Earth...”(Surah Fatir, 35:39)

This stewardship implies responsibility and accountability. Humans are not free to abuse or destroy nature; rather, they are morally and spiritually obligated to care for it with justice and mercy. This responsibility is not limited to other human beings but extends to animals, plants, air, water, and all elements of the environment.

Balance and Moderation (Mizan)

One of the fundamental principles in Islam regarding the environment is the concept of Mizan (balance). Allah created everything in perfect proportion and balance: “And the sky He raised, and set up the balance, that you may not transgress within the balance.” (Surah Ar-Rahman, 55:7-8)

This balance applies not only to the natural world but also to human consumption and behaviour. Wastefulness and excess (Israf) are condemned in Islam:

“Indeed, the wasteful are brothers of the devils, and ever has Satan been to his Lord ungrateful.” (Surah Al-Isra, 17:27)

Thus, Islam encourages moderation in all things, including the use of natural resources, to maintain ecological harmony.

Prohibition of Harm

A foundational legal maxim in Islamic jurisprudence is “La Darar wa La Dirar”— “There should be neither harm nor reciprocating harm.” This principle applies directly to environmental ethics. Causing pollution, deforestation, or any form of environmental degradation that harms others is not permissible.

The Prophet Muhammad also emphasized this in many sayings (Ahadith), promoting cleanliness, tree planting, animal welfare, and preservation of water sources.

The Sunnah and the Environment: The life of the Prophet Muhammad offers many examples of environmental consciousness:

Planting Trees: “If a Muslim plants a tree or sows seeds, and then a bird, or a person, or an animal eats from it, it is regarded as a charity (Sadaqah) for him.” (Sahih al-Bukhari)

Water Conservation: He used only a small amount of water for ablution (wudu), even when near a river, and warned against wasting water.

Animal Rights: He condemned the abuse of animals, stating that even animals have rights, and those who mistreat them will be held accountable.

Protecting Green Spaces: He established protected areas known as Hima where hunting, cutting trees, and disturbing the natural habitat were prohibited.

Environmental Justice: Islam calls for ‘Adl (justice) in every domain of life. Environmental justice in Islam means ensuring that the Earth’s resources are shared fairly, that no community bears an unfair burden of pollution or climate change, and that future generations inherit a liveable world.

The exploitation of resources for the benefit of a few at the expense of many is seen as a form of injustice. Islam also links environmental justice to social justice—highlighting that poverty, marginalization, and environmental degradation often go hand in hand.

Accountability and the Day of Judgment: One of the strongest motivations for environmental care in Islam is the belief in Akhirah (the Hereafter). Every person will be held accountable for their actions—including how they treated the Earth:

“Then We will surely question those to whom [a message] was sent, and We will surely question the messengers.” (Surah Al-A’raf, 7:6)

This belief nurtures a deep sense of moral accountability, even in seemingly minor acts such as wasting water or harming a plant.

Global Relevance of Islamic Environmental Ethics : In today’s world, as we face climate change, deforestation, species extinction, and pollution, the Islamic teachings on the environment are more relevant than ever. Muslims, as part of the global community, have a role to play in advocating for sustainable development, renewable energy, ethical consumption, and the protection of biodiversity.

Faith-based environmental action rooted in Islamic values can empower communities to adopt eco-friendly lifestyles, support green policies, and build a more sustainable world in harmony with divine will.

In essence, caring for the Earth is not just an ecological act—it is an act of worship and a reflection of true Islamic character.

ALSO READ: Nabab Ali: Legendary coach who shaped cricket careers of two generations in Assam

“Corruption has appeared on land and sea because of what the hands of men have earned, so that He may let them taste some of what they have done, that they may return [to righteousness].” (Surah Ar-Rum, 30:41)